Minoxidil

• Quantity of evidence: Very large evidence base — dozens of randomized trials across men and women, plus multiple systematic reviews.
• Study quality: Includes large, well-conducted randomized placebo-controlled trials; the highest-quality evidence in the hair-loss field.
• Consistency: Findings are highly consistent across trials, formulations and populations: increased hair count versus placebo.
• Relevance: Trials directly study androgenetic alopecia in relevant populations.
• Duration: Core trials run 16–52 weeks; extension studies cover multi-year use.
• Limitations: Outcomes rely heavily on hair counts and investigator ratings rather than patient-visible improvement; long-term data beyond a few years is thinner.

Real-world experience (prototype): Users frequently report reduced shedding by month 3 and visible thickening by month 6. The early shedding phase and the need for permanent daily commitment are the most common complaints.

Minoxidil is thought to work by opening potassium channels, widening blood vessels around hair follicles, extending the growth (anagen) phase and enlarging miniaturised follicles.

Who it may suit: People with early to moderate pattern hair loss who want an affordable, non-invasive, evidence-backed first treatment.

Who should be cautious: People with scalp conditions, sudden unexplained hair loss, or known sensitivity to minoxidil. Not for pregnant or breastfeeding women.

• Scalp irritation, dryness or flaking (more common with liquids)
• Unwanted facial hair growth with accidental contact
• Initial increased shedding (usually temporary)
• Rare: dizziness, rapid heartbeat — seek medical advice

Not a complete list. Speak to a pharmacist or doctor for guidance specific to you.